Predicting June Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin     

Gill M. MARTIN  Nick J. DUNSTONE  Adam A. SCAIFE  Philip E. BETT 《大气科学进展》2020,37(1):29-41

We demonstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system for predicting June mean rainfall in the middle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four months in advance.Much of the rainfall in this region during June is contributed by the mei-yu rain band.We find that similar skill exists for predicting the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI)on monthly time scales,and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional rainfall.However,there appears to be little to be gained from using the predicted EASMI as a proxy for regional rainfall on monthly time scales compared with predicting the rainfall directly.Although interannual variability of the June mean rainfall is affected by synoptic and intraseasonal variations,which may be inherently unpredictable on the seasonal forecasting time scale,the major influence of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures from the preceding winter on the June mean rainfall is captured by the model through their influence on the western North Pacific subtropical high.The ability to predict the June mean rainfall in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin at a lead time of up to 4 months suggests the potential for providing early information to contingency planners on the availability of water during the summer season.  相似文献   

集合预报对台风天鹅(2015)远距离暴雨的不确定性研究     

何斌  楼茂园  李海军  范晓红  陆琛莉  潘士雄 《气象》2020,46(1):15-28

2015年8月23—24日期间台风天鹅引发华东中部沿海地区出现暴雨或大暴雨天气。基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的集合预报分析导致此次远距离暴雨预报不确定的关键原因,并利用集合敏感性分析方法研究影响此次暴雨过程的主要天气系统的敏感区域,此外对暴雨发生发展的热动力机制展开探讨,主要结论包括:集合预报对此次台风天鹅引起的远距离暴雨的可预报性明显偏低,仅在暴雨发生前24 h才做出较大调整。在不同起报时次下,当台风路径的系统性偏差最小时,台风降水集合预报也最接近实况,但是进一步的分析表明,台风路径误差与降水量级之间的对应关系并不确定。不同雨量成员组间中低层环流场的对比分析表明:高空槽的预报差异是集合预报不确定的主要原因,高空槽东移加深有利于增加暴雨区的斜压不稳定,也有利于增强对流层低层的水汽输送急流带。500 hPa高度场的敏感性分析表明无论是初始场还是预报场,暴雨区平均降雨量均与高空槽的东移和加深显著相关,且随着预报时次的临近,显著相关区域向低槽下游明显扩大。此外还发现高空槽的东移有利于增强(减弱)暴雨区左(右)侧低层冷空气的强度,使得台风右侧更多暖湿气流向暴雨区输送。  相似文献   

春季中国日最高气温延伸期预报误差分析及订正     

熊敏诠  代刊  唐健 《热带气象学报》2020,36(6):795-804

数值模式直接输出和经模式后处理得到的预报误差比较,是延伸期逐日要素预报应用基础。针对中国2 583个站点在2020年春季11~30天的日最高温度预报,根据欧洲数值中心的集合预报输出,首先,使用BP-SM（Back-Propagation - Self memory）法和回归法,进行确定性预报订正效果比较;结果表明BP-SM法和回归法都明显降低了预报绝对误差;在11~14天预报中,BP-SM法得到的平均绝对误差为3.3~3.6 ℃,预报准确率超过35%,订正效果更优。其次,基于模式直接输出和BP-SM法获得的概率预报,使用CRPSS (continuous ranked probability skill score)进行了可预报性分析。结果表明,在地形复杂地区,经过订正,预报准确率明显改善。对于延伸期逐日要素预报,合理的模式后处理方法是降低预报误差和提高预报能力的重要环节。   相似文献   

CMIP5模式对辽宁省气温模拟能力及未来2℃升温阈值出现时间评估     

王涛  王乙舒  沈玉敏  王艳  赵连伟  王小桃  沈历都 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(2):49-61

利用全球气候模式、多模式集合和辽宁省气象观测数据,评估了不同典型浓度路径下19个全球气候模式和多模式集合对辽宁省气温变化模拟能力和可信度。结果表明:最优模式模拟结果优于多模式集合,具有较高的可信度。随着全球二氧化碳排放浓度增加,气温变化率和可信度呈增加趋势,首次达到2℃年份呈提前趋势,大部分站点出现在2011年之前,且出现年份越晚,升幅往往越高,反之亦然。大部分站点首次稳定到达2℃阈值开始年份在2022年之前,结束年份出现在2019—2026年,持续时间在13 a以下,开始年份均呈西早—东晚分布形势,结束时间和持续时间分布较均匀,且随着全球二氧化碳排放浓度增加,升温幅度呈上升趋势。不同典型浓度路径下各区域最高温、最低温和平均气温出现年份和变化特征均比较一致。  相似文献   

单机站 CORS 的精度分析     

张德庆 《东北测绘》2014,(4):115-117

结合工程实践,对单基站CORS系统的工作原理与测量精度进行分析,并用其解决平面控制网中野外作业数据采集是否满足精度要求的问题,在项目中使用单基站CORS系统下的数据结果与四等城市坐标系GPS控制点数据进行对比分析。精度统计表明,单基站CORS系统下进行平面点位的测量能够为中小城市测绘工程提供足够精度的实时定位服务,并且可以将其推广到其他同等精度要求的工程项目中,为今后的工程作业提供了参考和依据。  相似文献   

中国地区SRTM3 DEM高程精度质量评价     

张朝忙  刘庆生  刘高焕 《测绘工程》2014,(4):14-19

为揭示我国SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量,结合已开展过SRTM3DEM高程精度质量评价工作的局部地区的研究,考虑空间分布情况,选取新疆、辽宁、山东、浙江、海南5个地区的平原、丘陵、盆地、山地等地形区域作为典型研究区,并以1∶5万DEM为假定真值、以1∶25万DEM为参照,通过DEM面误差可视化分析、DEM面误差信息熵模型、中误差模型等方法对SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量做了分析。计算结果表明我国SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量受地形影响并存在一定的空间差异性,同时我国范围内SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量整体上要高于1∶25万DEM。  相似文献   

CMIP5/AMIP GCM simulations of East Asian summer monsoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

FENG Jinming  WEI Ting  DONG Wenjie  WU Qizhong  WANG Yongli 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):836-850

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is a distinctive component of the Asian climate system and critically influences the economy and society of the region.To understand the ability of AGCMs in capturing the major features of EASM,10 models that participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5/AMIP）,which used observational SST and sea ice to drive AGCMs during the period 1979-2008,were evaluated by comparing with observations and AMIP Ⅱ simulations.The results indicated that the multi-model ensemble （MME） of CMIP5/AMIP captures the main characteristics of precipitation and monsoon circulation,and shows the best skill in EASM simulation,better than the AMIP Ⅱ MME.As for the Meiyu/Changma/Baiyu rainbelt,the intensity of rainfall is underestimated in all the models.The biases are caused by a weak western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） and accompanying eastward southwesterly winds in group Ⅰ models,and by a too strong and west-extended WPSH as well as westerly winds in group Ⅱ models.Considerable systematic errors exist in the simulated seasonal migration of rainfall,and the notable northward jumps and rainfall persistence remain a challenge for all the models.However,the CMIP5/AMIP MME is skillful in simulating the western North Pacific monsoon index （WNPMI）.  相似文献   

Heat budget of the south-central equatorial Pacific in CMIP3 models     

LIU Xiangcui  and  LIU Hailong 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):669-680

ABSTRACT Using data from 17 coupled models and nine sets of corresponding Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （AMIP） results, we investigated annual and seasonal variation biases in the upper 50 m of the south-central equatorial Pacific, with a focus on the double-ITCZ bias, and examined the causes for the amplitude biases by using heat budget analysis. The results showed that, in the research region, most of the models simulate SSTs that are higher than or similar to observed. The simulated seasonal phase is close to that observed, but the amplitudes of more than half of the model results are larger than or equal to observations. Heat budget analysis demonstrated that strong shortwave radiation in individual atmospheric models is the main factor that leads to high SST values and that weak southward cold advection is an important mechanism for maintaining a high SST. For seasonal circulation, large surface shortwave radiation amplitudes cause large SST amplitudes.  相似文献   

Ensemble retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from AIRS     

ZHANG Jie  Zhenglong  LI  Jun  LI  Jinglong  LI 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):559-569

ABSTRACT Satellite-based observations provide great opportunities for improving weather forecasting. Physical retrieval of atmo spheric profiles from satellite observations is sensitive to the uncertainty of the first guess and other factors. In order to improve the accuracy of the physical retrieval, an ensemble methodology was developed with an emphasis on perturbing the first guess. In the methodology, a normal probability density function （PDF） is used to select the optimal profile from the ensemble retrievals. The ensemble retrieval algorithm contains four steps： （1） regression retrieval for original first guess; （2） perturbation of the original first guess to generate new first guesses （ensemble first guesses）; （3） using the ensemble first guesses and nonlinear iterative physical retrieval to generate ensemble physical results; and （4） the final optimal profile is selected from the ensemble physical results by using PDE Temperature eigenvectors （EVs） were used to generate the pertur- bation and generate the ensemble first guess. Compared with the regular temperature profile retrievals from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS）, the ensemble retrievals RMSE of temperature profiles selected by the PDF was reduced between 150 and 320 hPa and below 400 hPa, with a maximum improvement of 0.3 K at 400 hPa. The bias was also reduced in many layers, with a maximum improvement of 0.69 K at 460 hPa. The combined optimal （CombOpt） profile and a mean optimal （MeanOpt） profile of all ensemble physical results were improved below 150 hPa. The MeanOpt profile was better than the CombOpt profile, and was regarded as the final optimal （FinOpt） profile. This study lays the foundation for improving temperature retrievals from hyper-spectral infrared radiance measurements.  相似文献   

2010年6月中国南方持续性强降水过程：天气系统演变和青藏高原热力作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李雪松  罗亚丽  管兆勇 《气象学报》2014,72(3):428-446

2010年6月中国南方发生持续性强降水,其强度与2008年6月相当,超过近年来其他年份。但是,与2008年6月相比,2010年6月对流层中低层低值系统活动在青藏高原至长江中下游地区异常频繁,副热带高压(副高)位置异常偏西、强度偏强,导致低层异常风场辐合区及强降水区域相对偏北。分析2010年6月14—24日中国南方连续出现的4次持续性强降水过程,发现南亚高压、对流层中层的中纬度槽脊和西太平洋副高以及低层切变线和东移低涡是造成持续性强降水的主要天气系统。利用WRF模式对2010年6月强降水过程实施显式对流集合模拟试验,在控制试验重现观测到的地面降水和天气系统特征的基础上,在敏感性试验中将青藏高原的地表短波反照率修改为1.0,对比两组模拟试验的结果表明:控制试验中青藏高原的地表感热加热作用使得高原及其周边地区的大气温度发生变化,相应的热成风平衡调整使得对流层低层至高层大气环流和天气系统特征发生显著变化,增强了中国南方的持续性降水。200 hPa青藏高原西部形成反气旋性环流异常,东部形成气旋性环流异常,青藏高原东部南下的冷空气加强,中国南方辐散增强;500 hPa青藏高原北部的脊加强,中国东部的槽加深,副高西北侧的西南风明显增强,从青藏高原向下游传播的正涡度也显著加强;850 hPa的低涡强烈发展并逐步东移,华南沿海的西南低空急流更为强盛,导致降水区的水汽辐合、上升运动及降水强度都增强。  相似文献